Nursing and Service to the Armed Forces are both
important parts of the storied past of the American Red Cross. With the
outbreak of World War I, these services worked together to provide much needed
care for the United States military. The Nursing Service was established in
1909, and this branch of the Red Cross increased its activity as conflict
spread across Europe in June 1914. When the U.S. became involved in the Great
War in 1917 and an influenza pandemic rattled the globe in 1918, the demand for
nurses grew even greater, both domestically and internationally. The Red Cross
enrolled 23,822 nurses during the war, and 19,931 of these nurses were sent
overseas. On Tuesday, April 26, 2016, the Louisville Area Chapter honored World
War I Red Cross nurse Margaret Dugan Winter (1892-1962). The Legacy Award was
presented to her daughter, Margaret Winter White of Louisville.
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Mrs. Margaret Winter White accepting a Legacy Award honoring her mother, Mrs. Margaret Dugan Winter, from Louisville Area Chapter Board Chair Bill Lamb |
Born Margaret May Dugan, and known as Maggie May, the Jeffersonville,
Indiana native served as a Red Cross nurse on the homefront and abroad. She
trained at Louisville City Hospital and became a Registered Nurse in 1917. On
November 19 of that year, she was sworn in as Red Cross Nurse #14957, and she was
quickly called to active duty. Her first assignment took her to the U.S. Army
hospital at Ft. Oglethorpe, Georgia in 1918. The influenza pandemic was in full
force, and she cared for many patients who fell ill with the virus. Later that
year, she was assigned to Base Hospital Unit #56 and sent overseas, where she
spent seven months in Allerey, France. The war ended in November 1918, and she
was discharged from active duty on June 5, 1919.
Following her service with the Red
Cross, Mrs. Winter continued her career as a nurse, and also her work with
military veterans. Soon after the war, she spent time working for the Veterans
Bureau, assisting with the claims of disabled soldiers in Eastern Kentucky. In
the 1930s and 40s, she served as chairwoman of the American Legion Auxiliary
Christmas shop where hospitalized veterans could pick out gifts for their
families.
A number of Mrs. Winter’s family
members were present to witness her being honored. Ernest Edward Morris, grandson
of Mrs. Winter, has other family connections to the early years of the American
Red Cross as well. His great-grandfather Ernest P. Bicknell spent 27 years with
the organization, including time overseas during World War I as the Deputy
Commissioner to France, Commissioner to Belgium, and Special Commissioner to
the Balkan States, all while serving as a member of several international relief
organizations. In addition to Mrs. White and Mr. Morris, other family members
present were A. Franklin White (husband of Mrs. White), Glenda Terrell Morris
(wife of Mr. Morris), Elizabeth Winter (granddaughter of Mrs. Winter,
and Stuart A. White (son of Mrs. White and
grandson of Mrs. Winter).
The remarkable expansion of the
American Red Cross during World War I can be attributed to the crucial care and
comfort provided to military members and civilians around the world. The Red
Cross would not be the humanitarian organization it is today without volunteers
like Margaret Dugan Winter. We are grateful for her contributions, and we are
proud to honor her service.
Click
here
to learn more about the Red Cross and its efforts during World War I.
Biographical information
provided by the family of Margaret Dugan Winter.
Haack, Alison. “Ernest P.
Bicknell – Red Cross Humanitarian”, Indiana University Archives, last modified April 8, 2014, accessed April
28, 2016, https://blogs.libraries.indiana.edu/iubarchives/2014/04/08/c520/.